Salmon Circle of Life

We were able to experience two kinds of salmon and their spawning this autumn.


The Kokanee salmon are a land-locked species that live in the high mountain lake and then return to the creek of their birth for spawning.


This shallow creek is the perfect place for laying eggs in the gravel.


The fish come by the thousands, swimming and leaping around in the water as they make their way back up the creek from the lake.


The bears are around and we are warned to keep clear of them as they come for their autumn feast of salmon after the fish have spawned and then die.

Even though these are land-locked salmon, they still go through the same changes that their ocean cousins perform. Their colors change and their jaws and teeth become more prominent.


They wiggle a little dance to court the females and then fertilize her eggs. It is amazing to watch.


There are two bridges that you can watch the fish from and on this day there were quite a few nature lovers out there viewing the fish ritual.



The ducks, gulls, and eagles all depend on the salmon spawning for their autumn diet. We didn't see any eagles on this day but the ducks were present.


They eat the freshly laid eggs if they get the chance.

Our second salmon observing opportunity came this past weekend at the American River above Sacramento. There is a fish hatchery below a dam where the salmon will make their way up the fish ladder.


Here is the ladder the salmon will leap up as they  make their way to the hatchery. The officials were waiting until the next day to open the gate that ajoins the river to the ladder.


We were a little early but we were still able to observe the *huge* Chinook salmon waiting at the gate to climb up. They were actually jumping up out of the water and slamming into the metal gate. One sign says they can leap out of the water nine feet!

The Chinook are much larger than the Kokanee and we decided it was because they have a much longer migration journey. They travel round trip 2,000 miles from their birthplace, down the American River, through the Sacramento Delta and then out into the Pacific Ocean. Two or three years later, they make the return trip and end up at their birthplace again....changing from freshwater fish to saltwater fish and back again.


The hatchery we visited has a lovely visitor's center to learn more about the cycle of life of the salmon.


Trout are filling the holding ponds of the hatchery at the moment. There are steelhead and rainbow trout to view. In a month or so the steelhead will start their journey up the fish ladder and we may take time to visit again.

We had an additional observation of the rainbow trout a few weeks ago at a local pond that they stock for the kids to fish in. They are such beautiful fish and very tasty too. (I'm surprised I didn't encourage us all to taste test the salmon and the trout...next time.)

So for our Outdoor Hour Challenge we were able to compare two different species of salmon as well as the salmon to the trout.

Our favorite is still the Kokanee salmon in its wild habitat and its unique cycle of life.


Here is a nature journal entry I made a few years ago featuring this colorful amazing fish.


Here is one from my son's portfolio...oil pastels.

Barb-Harmony Art Mom

Autumn 2010 OHC #7: Fish Study-Trout and Salmon

Autumn Series #7
Fish Study: Trout and Salmon


Inside Preparation Work:
Trout: Read pages 156-158 in the Handbook of Nature Study (Lesson 40). Much of this information seems outdated but if you Google search “trout fishing NAME OF YOUR STATE” you will probably find enough current information to fill in the gaps. Try to determine what kind of trout you have in your area: Rainbow, Brown, Cutthroat, Brook, Golden, or Lake. Here is some additional information on the Brook Trout (includes a video).

Salmon: There are no specific pages in the Handbook for the salmon but there is plenty of information online to use as part of this challenge. Here is a coloring book for the Pacific Salmon and Steelhead that is excellent. You can print the entire book out and use it to pre-study salmon. Here is the Atlantic Salmon version. Make sure your child understands that the salmon lives part of its life in saltwater and part in fresh water.

Compare a Trout and a Salmon

• Does it live in fresh water or salt water?
• Size, color, shape, markings, placement of fins, eyes.
• Where do they lay eggs, how is the nest made, and how are the eggs protected

Outdoor Hour Time:
This is the perfect time for a field trip to a fish hatchery in your local area. Google search “fish hatchery list YOUR STATE NAME”. This will usually give you at least one good lead to where you can visit to see fish up close. If you cannot find a hatchery to visit, ask someone you know who is a fisherman if they could bring you a fish to observe up close. As a last resort, visit a local pet shop or an aquarium and look at any fresh water fish.


Follow-Up Activity:
Lots of choices for this challenge as part of your follow-up: Coloring book pages from above, the trout notebook page or the salmon notebook page in the Autumn ebook, a blank page in your nature journal, or the Venn Diagram activity suggested above. Have your child narrate what they learned from this challenge and help them write about it in their nature journal or on their notebook page.

Extra Resources:
Sockeye Salmon Video: Bears and Fish in Alaska

Grizzly Bears and Salmon video on YouTube

Trout Fish Hatchery Video with examples of Golden and Rainbow Trout
Atlantic Salmon: coloring page and images to print
Brown Trout: coloring page and images to print
Grizzly Bear: coloring page and images to print (just for fun)

Fish Harvest Festival

It's harvest festival time cross the country and today one of them was the annual festival of the fish harvest, celebrated at St-Mary-at-Hill church in the city.

The porters are wearing heavy metal hats. They are are flat on top and have a large rim to catch water. Why?? Well ... in days gone by when Billingsgate market was in the city the porters wearing these metal hats would place enormous baskets of fish in ice on their heads and race them up the hill to Leadenhall market. They had absolute right of way up the cobblestone path between the markets.

So heavy was the load that this 5ft 6in chap at the top was once 6ft 3in. He told me so himself.

Fish Hatcheries: Check out Your Local Area

I have been doing some research as part of the Autumn Series of Outdoor Hour Challenges. I want to share an idea for a fall field trip that many of you may wish to incorporate into your homeschooling schedule in the next few months. A visit to your nearest fish hatchery is a wonderful opportunity to view fish up close.

Some states have annual fishing events at hatcheries for children. The best way I can tell you to find out if you have anything local is to do a Google Search with the words "fish hatchery YOUR STATE'S NAME". For example: fish hatchery California. I did this with several state's names inserted and came up with some wonderful events happening soon.

I wanted to give you a heads-up so you won't miss these opportunities and then learn a little bit more about some fish in the future with the Outdoor Hour Challenges. (Yes, we will be focusing on trout and salmon as part of one of the challenges in the coming months.)

Also fish related....sort of:

August 24th, 2010 1:05 PM

Full Sturgeon Moon

Information from www.space.com and another source Farmers Almanac

Glorious Fall Day and a new Fish Study

We had a glorious day trip yesterday. Our annual fall color drive took us through some of the most picture postcard perfect landscapes in the world. I thought you might like to see a little of our day. I could fill a whole blog with the photos, but I will restrain myself.


I told you....it was a postcard perfect day. You can click the photo to make it larger.


The aspens were like explosions of fire and it was as if everywhere you looked there was a photo to be framed.


A little family shadow portrait on the bridge over the salmon creek....just me and the men on this day.


The salmon were still busy spawning and dying. What a sad ending to a fish story! My boys and I sat on the bench watching the salmon activity and talking over their life cycle. Their glorious ending of life, in blazing reds and greens, in such a beautiful place , made us a little reflective about our lives.


Here is another view of the creek on this autumn day. Can't you just hear the water babbling?

Our discussion of the salmon life cycle reminded me that I have been holding onto something that I can now offer here on my blog. Originally, these plans were a part of NotebookingPages.com's Back to School event. I am now pleased to offer it here on my Handbook of Nature Study blog for my readers.

Looking for something a little different? I know not everyone has salmon close-by to observe but many of you may have a goldfish in a bowl in your home. These new plans combine an Outdoor Hour Challenge featuring a study of your goldfish (or really any other aquarium fish you may have) with art and music study....my favorite combination.

These sampler plans include instructions for completing a nature study unit using the Handbook of Nature Study focusing on the goldfish along with complete instructions for following up with an art activity featuring a Henri Matisse painting and listening to a classical music selection by Claude Debussy. Three notebook pages are also included to round our your unit. This is a complete study and will take at least four days to finish.

Goldfish Nature Study on Lulu.com
Plans available as an immediate download from Lulu.com.

Guess what? We have never completed a study of our goldfish. What a great idea for a cold day's nature study! The next time we have a day where we can't go outside during our Outdoor Hour time I will be starting this unit with my boys.

Let me know if you like these mini unit studies that include art, classical music, and nature study. I know they are a little different from the normal Outdoor Hour Challenges, but sometimes my love of art and music creeps into our nature study.

Enjoy the photos in this entry and hopefully you can use the Goldfish Study plans with your family soon.

Barb-Harmony Art Mom

Pond Study: Fish and Insects

It was a pond study day for our family and we enjoyed spending some time at Grandpa's house poking around in his pond. His pond is very low at the moment so it was easy to scoop up a tub of fish to observe.



We have been using a new critter habitat that has made our pond study so much more enjoyable. We also purchased a new net to do the actual collecting of samples and it has made a big difference in our success in catching these little guys as well as snails and aquatic insects.


My son loves to incorporate humor into his nature journal entries and since I consider the entries to be his own, I don't say much about it. Actually, in creating the humorous illustration he is demonstrating his understanding of the web of life that exists in a pond ecosystem. How can I argue with that?





He did observe some dragonflies at the pond and he made this journal entry for his nature notebook.
Later on that day at our home, we found this damselfly in the backyard. We think it is a California Spreadwing but there appeared to be something wrong with this particular insect. I don't know if it was old or if it had some other issue but it never did fly away.

If you haven't had a chance before, read over the section in the Handbook of Nature Study on fish. The study of any fish can be done using the observation suggestions on pages 147 and 148.

"Almost any of the fishes found in a brook or pond may be kept in an aquarium for a few days of observation in the schoolroom. A large water pail or a bucket does very well if there is no glass aquarium. "
Handbook of Nature Study, page 145

We will be taking a few more trips to the pond before the season is over. Boys and ponds....water and mud....just can't beat the combination.

Barb-Harmony Art Mom

Here is the book we like to take along with us when we go to the pond. It has a little bit of everything discussed and so far it has been easy to identify the things we find at our pond. It is also a small pocket sized book that easily fits into your pocket or backpack.

Eagle Watching at Taylor Creek

Yesterday we took another shot at finding some eagles to watch. We have an eagle habitat about 45 minutes from our house, near a salmon spawning creek. We went up there a few weeks ago to watch the salmon and we thought we saw an eagle circling overhead, up over the pines. Of course we hadn't brought our binoculars along on that trip so we weren't sure if it was eagle.


The dead tree in the distance along with the green trees has a nest in the top. Click the photo to make it larger and then you will see in the tree that looks dead a sort of platform nest on the top of it. Eagles nests are huge when they are being used.

This time we went back with binoculars in hand to see if we could spot him again. We didn't. We did see a nest in the distance. We did see an snowy egret or egretta thula, some Canadian Geese, and several varieties of ducks.


This is really a hard photo to see the snowy egret but he is the white dot in the brown tree in the middle of the photo.....click the photo to make it larger. They are normally down by the water but this one kept flying up into the trees.


Spawning salmon-click the photo to make it larger and you will see the beautiful color of the spawning Kokanee salmon

Thousands of salmon all trying to get upstream to spawn...so colorful.


The highlight of the day was watching the Kokanee salmon spawning in Taylor Creek. There were hundreds and hundreds of these brightly colored salmon, all making there way up the creek to spawn and die at the end of their life cycle.

There was nothing in the Handbook of Nature Study about eagles...not a common bird for most. I will look further into the bird section of the book in the spring when we are focusing on birds.

Barb-Harmony Art Mom