London is protected from flooding by these gates. London is built on the edge of a tidal river that rises 8 meters on a normal day. In stormy conditions it can be treacherous. It was after such a flood in the 1950's that the idea of the barrier was first discussed, eventuating in the 1980's. The latest fears are that with global warming and sea levels rising, this isn't going to be sufficient in the future.
In the distance you can see the buildings of Canary wharf. The one with the pyramid structure on top is the tallest building in the UK.